Addiction, whether to alcohol or drugs, is a disease that currently affects almost 50 million people in the United States. Both alcohol and drug abuse can lead to serious health effects and even death via drinking too much or drug overdose. For effective treatment and long-term recovery for yourself or a loved one, it is helpful to understand the differences between alcohol addiction and drug addiction. Both forms of the disease share similarities, but they also have distinct differences that impact treatment and recovery. Read below for the key similarities and differences between alcohol and drug addiction and what you or a loved one can expect from treatment.
What is Alcohol Addiction?
Alcohol addiction, or alcoholism, is a chronic (yet not always hereditary) disease described by the inability to control drinking despite adverse consequences. Alcohol addiction affects both the mind and body, leading to physical dependence, poor health, and psychological cravings.
Signs & Symptoms of Alcohol Addiction
- Increased tolerance to alcohol
- Withdrawal symptoms when not drinking, such as shaking, nausea or vomiting, and sweating (seek immediate medical attention for delirium tremens)
- Loss of control over the amount of alcohol consumed
- Neglecting responsibilities at work, school, or home
- Inability to stop drinking despite being aware of the risks
- Social withdrawal and isolation
- Changes in mood and behavior or increased anxiety
What is Drug Addiction?
Drug addiction, also known as substance use disorder, “is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, continued use despite harmful consequences, and long-lasting changes in the brain” (according to NIDA and SAMHSA). Drug addiction can involve a wide range of substances, including prescription medications, illicit drugs, and over-the-counter medications.
Signs & Symptoms of Drug Addiction
- Developing tolerance to one or many drugs
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not using drug(s)
- Using larger amounts of the drug over time
- Inability to cut down or control drug use
- Neglecting responsibilities and relationships
- Continued use despite negative consequences
- Changes in mood, behavior, and appearance
There are many signs and symptoms of drug use and withdrawal, and resources to recognize when you or a loved one may need help.
Similarities in Alcohol & Drug Addiction
Alcohol and drug addiction are similar in many ways, each of which makes withdrawal, treatment, and sobriety challenging without professional help. Similarities include:
Physical Dependence
Both alcohol and drug addiction lead to a physical dependence on the substance, where the body becomes reliant on the substance(s) and requires it to function. This dependence can result in intense withdrawal symptoms when the substance is not used.
Psychological Cravings
Both types of addiction involve psychological cravings, where the individual feels an intense emotional desire and motivation to use the substance(s). These cravings can be triggered by stress, environment, and/or emotional state.
Negative Impact on Life
Alcohol and drug addiction can severely impact someone’s life, affecting their health, relationships, work, and overall well-being. The consequences of addiction can be far-reaching and devastating.
Differences in Alcohol & Drug Addiction
While there are many similarities, there are also key differences between alcohol and drug addiction that can affect treatment.
Substance Legality
One of the most notable differences is that alcohol is a legal substance for adults over the age of 21, while many drugs are illegal or controlled substances. This difference in legality can affect how addiction is perceived, recognized, and treated.
Social Acceptance
Alcohol use is often also socially accepted and even encouraged in many cultures, while drug use is generally stigmatized. This social acceptance can make it harder for individuals or their loved ones with alcohol addiction to recognize the need to seek help.
Withdrawal Symptoms
The withdrawal symptoms for alcohol and various drugs can differ significantly. For example, alcohol withdrawal can affect someone mentally and even be life-threatening, requiring medical supervision. Withdrawal from some drugs may have more physical and psychological symptoms but are actually medically safer to withdraw from than alcohol.
Delirium tremens, also called DTs or alcohol withdrawal delirium (AWD), is a severe type of alcohol withdrawal that can cause severe symptoms, including heart attack, stroke, and death. It is rare and only happens to about 1% of people with alcohol use disorder. While this condition is dangerous, it is treatable.
What to Expect During Drug and Alcohol Addiction Treatment
Drug addiction treatment also begins with detox, which is an important first step for comfortably and safely managing withdrawal symptoms under medical supervision. After detox, individuals may be guided to enter a residential rehab program (RTC) that includes therapy, counseling, and support to help them understand, manage, and overcome their disease. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT or MOUD) may also be used for certain types of drug addiction to help manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
Take the First Steps Toward Addiction Recovery
Understanding the differences and similarities between alcohol addiction and drug addiction can help you or a loved one on the journey toward recovery. At Axiom Care, we provide comprehensive and compassionate treatment for both alcohol and drug addiction. Our team is dedicated to helping you or your loved one find long-term sobriety. Contact us today to learn more about our programs and services and find a treatment plan for you.